Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. Saves you from configuring them manually.

Defines which part of an IP address identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

Network Address Translation. Lets multiple devices share one public IP address. A key router feature.

Converts signals between analog (like cable or phone lines) and digital (like Ethernet). The bridge between your home network and the internet.

Connects multiple wired devices on a network so they can talk to each other.

Monitors traffic between networks to block suspicious activity. Can be hardware or software.

A virtual endpoint for network communication. Different services use specific port numbers, like 80.

A wired networking technology for connecting devices in a LAN, usually via Cat5 or Cat6 cables.

The wireless alternative to Ethernet. The 802.11 family of radio-based networking standards.

Routes data between networks. Most home “routers” are actually routers, switches, and wireless access points in one unit.