How many individual images make up one second of a video? Films traditionally use 24FPS.

The number of bits (data) processed per second. Higher bit rates mean better quality but larger files.

The width-to-height ratio of a video or image. Old TVs used 4:3, modern ones use 16:9.

A file format that stores compressed media along with metadata like subtitles. Examples are MP4 and MKV.

Copying audio or video data from one format to another, like CD tracks to MP3 files.

Playing media in real-time as it’s sent over the internet. Services like Spotify and Netflix use streaming.

Attempting to guess a password by systematically trying every possible combination of characters.

A digital fingerprint of some data. Used to verify that files haven’t been tampered with.

Adding random data to a hash to make it harder to crack. A pinch of salt keeps your hash secure!

Compresses and decompresses media data. Different formats use different codecs, like MP3 for audio and MPEG for video.