Malware that encrypts your files and demands payment for the decryption key. Nasty stuff.

Malware that spies on your computer activity, collecting personal data to send to hackers.

Malware that spreads by copying itself, like a biological virus. Evolved into more advanced forms:

A self-replicating virus that spreads over networks without needing to piggyback on another program.

Malware disguised as legitimate software. Named after the famed Trojan Horse.

Unsolicited bulk messages, usually email. Most inboxes filter spam out automatically.

Tricking people into revealing sensitive info by posing as a trusted entity. Be wary of emails asking you to log in or download attachments.

Catch-all term for malicious software like viruses, spyware, and ransomware. Only download from trusted sources.

A spare copy of important data in case the original is lost or damaged. Backup to an external drive or cloud storage.

An encrypted vault for storing and generating strong passwords. Way better than using the same password everywhere.