How long it takes data to get from source to destination. Lower latency means snappier connections.

Quality of Service. Prioritizes certain types of network traffic, like voice or video, for a smoother experience.

A Virtual LAN. Partitions a physical network into separate virtual networks for improved management and security.

The Domain Name System. Translates human-friendly domain names like google.com into IP addresses.

Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. Saves you from configuring them manually.

Defines which part of an IP address identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

Network Address Translation. Lets multiple devices share one public IP address. A key router feature.

Monitors traffic between networks to block suspicious activity. Can be hardware or software.

Connects multiple wired devices on a network so they can talk to each other.

A virtual endpoint for network communication. Different services use specific port numbers, like 80.