Network Address Translation. Lets multiple devices share one public IP address. A key router feature.

Defines which part of an IP address identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. Saves you from configuring them manually.

The Domain Name System. Translates human-friendly domain names like google.com into IP addresses.

A virtual endpoint for network communication. Different services use specific port numbers, like 80.

Monitors traffic between networks to block suspicious activity. Can be hardware or software.

Connects multiple wired devices on a network so they can talk to each other.

Converts signals between analog (like cable or phone lines) and digital (like Ethernet). The bridge between your home network and the internet.

Routes data between networks. Most home “routers” are actually routers, switches, and wireless access points in one unit.

The wireless alternative to Ethernet. The 802.11 family of radio-based networking standards.