Capacitor providing short-term backup power.

Embedded software controlling a hard drive.

Number of bytes represented by a disk sector.

Hardware or software managing logical volumes.

Cache mode writing data immediately to storage.

Moving HDD heads to a safe position.

Native 512-byte-sector disk format.

Allocating storage capacity as needed.

Physical contact between HDD head and platter.

Disk using 4K physical sectors emulating 512-byte sectors.