Structured Query Language. The programming language most databases use for managing data. Pronounced “sequel”.

A stripped-down Windows environment for troubleshooting issues. Hold Shift while clicking Restart.

Adding random data to a hash to make it harder to crack. A pinch of salt keeps your hash secure!

A newer type of database that’s more flexible than SQL. Great for unstructured data like social posts.

An encrypted vault for storing and generating strong passwords. Way better than using the same password everywhere.

Defines which part of an IP address identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

Network Address Translation. Lets multiple devices share one public IP address. A key router feature.

A Virtual LAN. Partitions a physical network into separate virtual networks for improved management and security.

Quality of Service. Prioritizes certain types of network traffic, like voice or video, for a smoother experience.

The actual amount of data that gets sent over a connection in a given time. Less than bandwidth due to overhead.