Hardware diagnostic process performed during system startup.

Hardware managing access to RAM.

Card redirecting or extending an expansion-slot connection.

Integrated circuit configurable to implement digital logic.

Storage area using system RAM as a disk-like device.

Cable extending an expansion interface to another location.

Power-management integrated circuit controlling power functions.

Programmable read-only memory that can be programmed once.

Row address strobe signal used in DRAM operation.

Read-only or nonvolatile memory containing fixed data.