Scheduling where the OS can interrupt running tasks.

Synchronization primitive controlling access to resources.

Integer or handle identifying an open resource.

Directory entry referencing the same file data.

Tasks voluntarily yield processor control.

Semaphore with two possible states or availability levels.

Reference used to access an open file or resource.

Attaching a filesystem to a directory location.

Amount of CPU time allocated to a task.

Semaphore representing multiple available resources.