Algorithm using repeated loops rather than recursion.

Named scope grouping related identifiers.

Classification of a particular exception.

Preferred formatting and organization of source code.

Algorithmic technique splitting a problem into smaller subproblems.

Namespace organizing components within a package.

Record of active function calls when an error occurs.

Overall maintainability and correctness of source code.

External component required by software.

Recording program events for diagnosis or auditing.