Encryption using the same secret key for both directions.

Restricting access to resources.

XML-based standard for exchanging authentication information.

Value used to detect data changes.

Encryption using related public and private keys.

Representation of an entity in a system.

Ticket-based network authentication protocol.

Arithmetic operations performed on pointers.

Order in which bytes represent multi-byte values.

Representing binary data using hexadecimal symbols.