Build intended primarily for development and testing.

Techniques coordinating simultaneous operations.

Component translating between data representations.

Dependency needed for development but not normal runtime.

Multiple tasks executing with overlapping progress.

Organizing data to reduce redundancy and inconsistency.

Stages involved in creating and maintaining software.

Including or excluding code according to compile-time conditions.

Dividing data into manageable subsets.

Coordinating exclusive access across distributed systems.