Resistance of a Z-axis to deformation.

Unwanted movement caused by mechanical clearance.

Difference between commanded and actual motion.

Difference between commanded and actual position.

Time required to stabilize at a target position.

Rate of change of acceleration.

Repeated back-and-forth Z-axis movement.

Mechanical oscillation at a natural frequency.

Condition where a motor stops under load.

Torque maintained while a motor is stationary.