A Graphical User Interface, which is how most modern OSes and apps present themselves.

A Command Line Interface for controlling a computer by typing text commands. Still has its uses!

That little area, usually bottom-right on Windows, that holds status icons and background apps.

A collection of tools and settings for configuring your Windows system.

A text-based interface for running commands. Called Command Prompt on Windows, and Terminal on Mac.

Permanent software programmed into a read-only memory on devices like routers and IoT gadgets.

Software that lets your OS communicate with a particular piece of hardware.

Monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic to protect your system and data.

Software that detects and removes malware like viruses, spyware, and ransomware.

A virtual container for organizing files. Folders can contain other folders for a nested hierarchy.