Quality of Service. Prioritizes certain types of network traffic, like voice or video, for a smoother experience.

Network Address Translation. Lets multiple devices share one public IP address. A key router feature.

The Domain Name System. Translates human-friendly domain names like google.com into IP addresses.

Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. Saves you from configuring them manually.

Defines which part of an IP address identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

Converts signals between analog (like cable or phone lines) and digital (like Ethernet). The bridge between your home network and the internet.

Connects multiple wired devices on a network so they can talk to each other.

Monitors traffic between networks to block suspicious activity. Can be hardware or software.

A virtual endpoint for network communication. Different services use specific port numbers, like 80.

A wired networking technology for connecting devices in a LAN, usually via Cat5 or Cat6 cables.