A public key is a type of key in asymmetric key encryption algorithms. It comes with a unique pair of a public key and a private key. The public key can be shared openly and is used to encrypt data or verify digital signatures, while the private key is kept secret by the user and is used for decryption or signing.
Precision usually refers to accuracy; it's a combination of how consistent and correct a measurement is, meaning the results are both stable and close to the true value.
Parentheses usually refer to symbols used to indicate notes in an article, with common types including round brackets (), square brackets [], curly brackets {}, and so on.
A parabola is the path of points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and a fixed line (the directrix). In math, it's also the graph of a quadratic function.
It's a closed shape on the same plane, made up of two sets of parallel line segments. A parallelogram is a four-sided shape where the opposite sides are each parallel.
In geometry, two lines in the same plane that never intersect (and never coincide) are called parallel lines.
The last major philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer of ancient Greece, a representative of Neoplatonism, he led the Platonic Academy in Athens for nearly fifty years, and his ideas had a profound impact on Byzantine, Islamic, and medieval European philosophy.
A pentadecagon is a flat polygon with 15 sides and 15 angles, and the sum of its interior angles is fixed at 2340 degrees.
Also called probability, it’s a core concept in math used to measure and describe how likely random events are to happen.
A private key isn't just a random number mathematically; it's a specific integer or vector generated based on a one-way trapdoor function. The core math property is computational irreversibility: it's easy to derive the public key from the private key, but you can't reverse it to get the private key from the public key in polynomial time.
Probability is a branch of math that studies the patterns of random events, showing the chance of something happening with a number between 0 and 1.
Place value, simply put, means that a number represents different amounts depending on where it stands in a row. For example, the number "2" is just two ones in the ones place, but two hundreds in the hundreds place. This is the basic principle in math of using digits and place values to represent numbers, and it's the rule behind the decimal system used worldwide and the binary system used in computers.
A pentagon is a closed shape made by connecting five line segments end to end, and the sum of its interior angles is 540 degrees.
Physics is the study of the most general laws of motion of matter and the basic structure of matter. As a leading branch of natural science, it looks into everything from the vast universe to tiny fundamental particles, exploring the most basic forms and laws of motion of all matter, which makes it the foundation for research in other natural sciences. This field started back in the days of Galileo and Newton and has now grown into a fundamental science with many branches. It's both an experimental science and one that values rational thinking and logical reasoning, heavily relying on math as its working language, making it one of the most precise natural sciences today.
Ideograms express their meaning by resembling physical objects in their pictures. Pictograms are often used in writing and graphic systems, where characters are largely visual representations of things.
The force acting vertically on the surface of an object, pointing perpendicular to the contact surface and towards the object being pressed.
The percentage increase or decrease is just the change in amount divided by the original base, then converted into a percentage.
Positive correlation means when one variable goes up, the other one goes up too.
You could also say that natural numbers, except for 0, are positive integers.
A prime number is a natural number that has only two factors: 1 and itself. Numbers like this are called prime numbers, also known as primes.
Prime factors are the prime numbers that can exactly divide a given positive integer. In other words, if a prime number is a divisor of a number, then it is a prime factor of that number. This concept is also often called prime divisor or prime factor in math and is usually used to break down a composite number into a multiplication of prime numbers.
Perimeter is the total length around a closed shape, usually represented by the letter C. It measures the total distance you would travel around the edges of the shape.
Combinatorial probability is a way of studying probabilities for problems involving a finite but large number of basic events. This approach comes from research on finite random structures in combinatorics, optimization, operations research, and computer science, and it focuses on the asymptotic properties of probabilities.